Arguing a position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arguing a position - Essay Example A 2005 study found that almost three-fourth of all college students gain weight between their first day and the end of their sophomore year. The primary reason for this weight gain is a combination of late night studying and poor nutrition due to students eating junk or fast food (Dryden). If the cafeteria were open later and offered food that met the nutrition needs of students, they might be more willing to eat healthier. This would benefit not only the students, but the college as well. After all, healthy students perform better academically, raising the overall GPA figures and making the institution more attractive to potential students and parents of those students (Kotler). On the other hand, of course, staying open later in order to offer fresh nutrition-packed food would require the purchase of a larger inventory. The food offered for lunch or even dinner could not be safely offered as fresh to late night patrons. Allowing the cafeteria to have more flexible hours would also be beneficial because during lunch time the place is far too crowded. By having a structured time for when classes take a lunch period break it creates a disadvantage by forcing all the students to congregate in one place at the same time. There simply aren't enough seat or tables to meet this need.

BP SWOT Essay Example for Free

BP SWOT Essay Strength Strong improvement in safety BP focuses on new research and product innovation, leading in new researcher and also improving in safety and procession in the work places. According to â€Å"Safer drilling† (n.d.), BP use Blowout preventer (BOP) technology to support safety in offshore rigs in Brazil. Using high technology likes digital radiography can evaluate and determine underground structure in the North Sea. BP also improves the new tools called Permasense corrosion probes to supervise wall’s thickness in refining process (â€Å"Robust research†, 2013). This equipment is an effective method to control and protect the probability in wall crake. Weakness Ecological impacts of oil spillage damage reputation BP experienced a reputation risk in terms of both public reaction and biological response. About 5 million BP raw oil spilled in 2010, causing a disaster on ecosystem. Dragovic (2013) stated that oil spill would constraint species of wildlife because residues of harmful substances could not be cleanup completely. It also disrupts the chain of wildlife. BP was deluged with blame and disappointment from the pubic. It would take BP quite some time to rebuild its brand-image. (Walt, 2010) Opportunity Growing demand on renewable energy The world has increasingly growing demand for renewable energy. The global renewable consumption will increase to 6.3% (2030) of energy demand from 1.8% (2010). BP is prepared to place emphasis on development of renewable energy (Morales, 2012). Consumers have a tendency to choose to use renewable energy. According to â€Å"consumer demand is growing† (2011), there are 48% of subjects who are willing to use renewable energy and 49% are prepared to pay additional cost for that. Threat Lack of oil and gas reservoirs Oil and gas businesses are high competition because companies gain high benefits. From long period in operation, the crude oil and natural gas around the world is declining that mean the fossil fuel in the future will run out. According to â€Å"OPEC share of world crude oil reserves 2012† claim that now OPEC has only 1,200 billion barrels in reserves global fossil energy In 2010 individual and organization used approximately 87 million barrels per day. The biggest fuel consumer is Asia and Oceanic region. They used around 27 million barrels per day and gradually every year from 2006-2010. Recently, people utilize oil and gas rather than producing. (â€Å"International Energy Statistics, n.d.) References Consumer demand for renewable energy is growing. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.windmade.org/for-companies/global-wind-study/consumer-demand-for-renewable-energy-is-growing.aspx Dragovic, D. (2013, March 19). Environmental impact of the BP oil spill. Retrieved from http://livinggreenmag.com/2013/03/19/energy-ecology/environmental-impact-of-the-bp-oil-spill/ International Energy Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=5pid=54aid=2 OPEC share of world crude oil reserves 2012. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/data_graphs/330.htm Marketline. (2013, August 23). Company profile: BP Plc. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Morales, A. (2012, January 18). Renewable-energy growth to outpace oil, gas through 2030, BP Says. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-18/renewables-to-grow-more-than-8-a-year-through-2030-bp-says.html Safer drilling (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.bp.com/en/global /corporate/sustainability/safety/preventing-and-responding-to-accidents-and-oil-spills/safer-drilling.html The Gulf of Mexico oil spill: consequences for the oil and gas industry. (2011, February 15). Retrieved from http://uk.practicallaw.com/3-504-7901?service=crossborder#a684683 Wearden, G. (2010, April 27). BP profits jump after oil price rise. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/apr/27/bp-profits-jump-oil-prices-ris Walt, V. (2010, July 19). Can BP ever rebuild its reputation? Retrieved

Neurobiological Mechanisms for Alcoholism Essay -- Biology Essays Rese

Neurobiological Mechanisms for Alcoholism While alcohol could well be considered the most socially acceptable psychoactive drug in our society, the dangers of alcohol abuse and addiction are well known. However, not everyone who uses, or even abuses, alcohol will actually become an alcoholic who is physically dependent on the drug. Not all of the mechanisms that cause one to become addicted to alcohol have been clarified. However, there seem to be two main reasons for alcohol addiction. One is that the chronic consumption of alcohol causes changes in the brain that result in a dependence on alcohol. Another is that some individuals have abnormalities in their brains that result in a greater tendency to become addicted to alcohol. The report in 1990 of the discovery of an "alcoholism gene", while not fully supported by subsequent studies, is illustrative of many observations that the brain chemistry of alcoholics is different from nonalcoholics.1 The acute effects of alcohol on the brain result mainly from its effects on the postsynaptic receptor sites for various neurotransmitters.2 The depressant effects of alcohol arise from its action on GABA-A receptors, the principal postsynaptic receptors for the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. When stimulated by GABA, these receptors respond by opening an ion channel that allows Cl- ions to enter the neuron, which hyperpolarizes the membrane and reduces the chance for an action potential to occur. These receptors are also sensitive to alcohol, and its presence allows even more Cl- ions to enter the cell, resulting in further inhibition.3 However, the effects of the chronic use of alcohol are quite different, and result in a decreased sensitivity of GABA-A receptors to both alco... ...s/Blum-full.html 2. OTA Report: Biological Basis for Substance Abuse and Addiction http://www.drugtext.nk/norml/aaota_cont.html 3. Center Line Vol 8 No 3 http://www.med.unc.edu/wrkunits/3ctrpgm/alcohol/cenline/8_3_1.html" 4. Ibid. 5. OTA Report 6. SPRINGER LINK - Psychopharmacology - Abstract Volume 129 Issue 2 (1997) pp 99-111 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/jounals/00213/bibs/7129002/71290099.htm 7. OTA Report 8. Ibid. 9. American Scientist 10. OTA Report 11. American Scientist 12. Ibid. 13. OTA Report 14. Honours Thesis by Karen Johnson, UNSW Australia 1996 http://javelin.commed.unsw.edu.au/karen/thesis/ 15. American Scientist 16. OTA Report 17. Ibid. 18. American Scientist 19. Honours Thesis (visit this site for a comprehensive listing of major studies on this subject) 20. American Scientist

ADA Sports Management Essay

The ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) has changed the way wherein open organizations offer recreational activities. My paper will assess the privileges of the disabled individual who might want to take an interest in recreational sport under their rights given by the ADA. My paper will likewise talk about past models and court evaluations that made a point of reference for their rights. In 1990 the ADA was approved, but since then there have been many court decisions and complaints. Most of the decisions have supported the right of the disabled individual to enjoy recreational sport with able-bodied athletes in the most integrated way as possible. There are countless rules and rights established by the ADA and this paper will discuss the precedent cases in recreation. The disabled individual while participating in recreational sports has the right to take part in the most joined setting. This is characterized in the U. S. Division of Justice guidelines as the setting in which connection between individuals with and without disabilities is given to the greatest degree credible. See more: Basic Economic problem of Scarcity Essay As a result, each and every recreation and sport opportunity that is offered for individuals without having a disability is likewise accessible to the individual who has a disability. With a sensible convenience, he or she can take part nearby neighbors, relatives, companions, and others without disabilities in the hunt for energizing, compensating, and testing sport and recreation chances. Even though for individuals with disabilities they have a chance to play with other disabled athletes, they must also have the option to play with able-bodied athletes as well. A disabled individual has the right to sign up for and take part in recreation. In actuality, each and every parks and recreation program offered for individuals with disabilities is accessible to individuals without any disabilities. So as long as he or she meets â€Å"essential eligibility† necessities needed of all registrants, for example enrolling after the system is full and paying the same enlistment expense that others pay, support should be invited. There may be other very important qualification prerequisites, for example having the ability to serve, hit a strike, and hit a forehand, for somebody wishing to partake in a tennis competition. In which is supported by the National Center on Accessibility. McGovern 2003 states: â€Å"A person with a disability has the right to reasonable accommodations, provided by the activity organizer or sponsor, to meet essential eligibility requirements, if necessary to facilitate or enable participation in the activity of his or her choice. Accommodations include changes in rules and policies; extra staff for the coaching or management of the activity; a sign language interpreter or other aids for recreation consumers who are deaf or hard of hearing; Braille or large print documents for recreation consumers who are blind or have impaired vision; and other efforts to facilitate participation. † The overview of Anderson v. Little League Inc. Respondents, Little League baseball enterprise and its president, received a strategy that denied wheelchairs from being on the baseball field or in the mentors box. Offended party mentor had been an on-field base mentor in a wheelchair for three years around then the arrangement was embraced, yet was equipped to keep serving as an on field base mentor since the neighborhood Little League declined to uphold the approach. Offended party launched activity compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U. S. C. S.  § 12182(a), for revelatory and injunctive alleviation since offended party accepted that litigant might not permit offended party to mentor on the field throughout the following season-end competition, where offended party was now chosen to mentor in the competition. The court allowed offended party’s requisition for a makeshift controlling request and urged respondents from averting or endeavoring to avoid offended party from taking part completely or being included to the full degree of offended party’s obligations as a mentor, and from threatening or undermining players and their families. The court discovered that the ADA connected to litigants and that offended party introduced no immediate risk to open security. This is one of the precedent cases regarding recreational sport given by the ADA. The case is Anderson v. Little League Inc in 1992 for a non-profit corporation. The rules of the Little League in 1992 denied a disabled individual in a wheelchair from being on the field Alliance authorities in Arizona had not implemented this control and Anderson had taken pleasure in contributing. In the same year Arizona Little League educated Anderson to implement Little League USA policy in the state competition. Anderson’s group had met all requirements for the competition, however now Anderson couldn’t be on the field. The Little League administer was received for the security of members. In any case administers, by their special character, has a tendency to segregate. Since Anderson cared to be on the field, he had no decision yet to head off to court. He did, winning an injunctive order precluding Little League from implementing the law. The Court said that Little League’s strict provision of the guideline to Anderson, without an evaluation of his capability, a recognizable proof of the danger he went through, and the thought of sensible way he could be accommodated, abused his rights under the ADA. Essentially, the Little League governs and treats all disabled individuals the same without respect for the reality, which was supported by McGovern 2013. MLB baseball player Jim Abbott pointed out some of his disadvantages of being a disabled individual when playing sports. He was born disabled without a right hand on September 19, 1967 and grew to love baseball, but being disabled came with disadvantages and here is what his take was: â€Å"Sports had always been my crutch. For an insecure kid who wanted very much to be accepted, success in athletics covered up a lot of hurt for a long time. But in 1996 it all came crashing down. I was failing. As hard as I tried it would just get worse. By the end of they year I was sent to the minor leagues for the first time in my life. I’m not going to tell you that I handled that year with all of the grace I would have liked. All I could do was to keep on trying. The following spring I was released from the Angels. Cleaned out my locker in front of my friends and drove home alone through the Arizona desert. † Disadvantages of being a disabled individual playing sports was more of a emotional disadvantage than a physical which was shown throughout Abbott’s speech. There are not only downsides to being a disabled youth in but also many ways they are benefitted through any recreational sport. All individually disabled youth need practice to help enhance their adaptability and go of movement. The National Center on Physical Activity and Disability refers to these extra focal points of being physically animated to help advance expertise and technique. Cooperation in games is likewise connected to better reviews in school and better conduct inside and outside of the classroom like more or less than 57% are expected to drop out of school, 49% are more likely to utilize drugs, more or less than 35% are more inclined to smoke, and about 27% are less averse to have been captured. Disabled individuals who take part in games or practice have been demonstrated to handle tough situations and bad circumstances better than individuals who don’t work out. They additionally experience less depression and are easier to cope with problem-focused situations. â€Å"Disabled youths’ social and communication skills improve. Students often learn desirable behaviors best from each other in a typical environment. They experience a decrease in stigmatization. Students with disabilities report feeling more like a part of their peer community because they are able to contribute to the team or group effort. Being an integral part of a group allows disabled youth to develop social judgment and take and follow peer leadership. Students with disabilities are able to foster friendships in a natural way and in a natural environment. This sense of belonging helps build self-esteem and a feeling of personal achievement. -Yvette J. Brown Disabled Baseball Progams In the same way as other professional sport groups, the Detroit Lions worked with different youth teams in Michigan to push participation at the recreational games. The Lions collectively welcomed youth teams to submit entrances and afterward, by lottery, the Lions might pick a group to visit a professional game and have certain seating for one dollar for each player. The group that won was a wheelchair sport group. The point when instructed regarding this by the group delegate, the Lions said the charge might now need to be higher than one dollar. When they found out a portion of the children who might go did not use wheelchairs, the Lions called attention to the deficiency of friend seats and said those kids might need to sit somewhere else. The Lions likewise noted their arrangement obliging disabled individuals to land for a visual examination to establish that the disabled individual did really need to use a wheelchair. The U. S Department of Justice requested the Lions to change their â€Å"see first† approach, only because of a complaint that was placed, to allow friend seating. And to give the individuals with disabilities the same prices as the able bodied athletes. The Lions were told to give more than $50,000 in stock to help maintain the group. The ADA states that no game or recreation supplier should charge a higher expense, or a surcharge, for the expense of facilities or the expense of giving recreation in the most integrated setting. In broad daylight park and recreation programs, a charge for comprehensive inclusion that requires a settlement that is not different in relation to an expense charged to different members who are not disabled individuals. For example in golf lesson the teacher uses oral direction. For a golfer who is hard of hearing, the oral guideline will not suit the deaf athlete. The parks and recreation branch should give a communication by the means of gestures and translators for that golfer. The golfer an expense for the lesson afterward will include a charge for the gesture based communication mediator. It can just charge the same expense it charges to different golfers. In conclusion, the cases above are essentially drawn from Title II of the ADA. Congress expected units of state and nearby government to act faster and have a higher limit for ADA consistence than Title III organizations.

Marcel Duchamp Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhole

The artistic exchange of ideas and influences can profoundly affect the art world'- Explore this statement with reference to a range of artists and artworks. Artistic exchange is a conceptual idea involving the exchange of artistic methods, ideas, and other elements of an artist's practice; and if an artist is a pioneer or an innovator, their ideas can resonate through exchange to transform the entire art world. Throughout the 20th Century the shaping of the art world came into play through ideas, expression, education and one result of this was the age ofModernism. There was much social ad political unrest sweeping through Europe, during the beginning of the twentieth century which contributed to the breaking of the traditional art barriers. The works of Pablo Picasso, Marcel Decamp and Andy Warhol strongly affected the art world with their individual yet diverse techniques and styles. These artists broke away from traditional art and its boundaries in order to exchange ideas and co nventions regarding the aesthetics which opposed accepted societal standards.These ideas were profoundly influenced the art world. Marcel Duchess's art making practice was characterized by its humor, variety, the unconventionality of its media and its persistent exploration of art's boundaries. Decamp was involved with the avian-garden movements during the Modernist period, and as an iconoclast, he abandoned these artistic principles, with the aim of rejecting convention such as his distaste for art that was pleasing to the eye'. Works exemplifying these beliefs include Bicycle Wheel (1913) and L. H. O. O.Q (1919) which caused controversy over their acceptance as ‘art'. Bicycle Wheel is a redeemed (a tool supporting an upside-down bicycle wheel) that Decamp has decentralized as well as displacing its original function, thereby transforming an industrial, mass produced object into a work of art. Duchess's art making approach could be considered satirical, as it often ridiculed the ideals established by society. L. H. O. O. Q is an altered postcard of the Mona Lisa that Decamp has satirized by drawing a moustache and goatee on the face of this iconic figure.This notion of ‘defacing' a Ad Vinci masterpiece was very shocking to the art world during the early 20th century, revoking controversy as it was not handmade, but redeemed and ridiculous, thereby questioning what really defined art. The avian-garden character of Duchess's work influenced the art world by encouraging the critical question of what constitutes art. The influence of Duchess's ideas an practice have been imprinted in many of the works of American modernist Andy Warhol.Whorl's Campbell Soup Cans (1962) and Marilyn 1962 build on Duchess's concept of the redeemed and have inspired a genre of artworks that employ the techniques of reclassification and appropriation. As a leading artist of the sass's Pop Art movement, Warhol was revolutionary in his appropriation of popular culture. Whorl' s work explored the processes of silk screening, and for the first time was using assistants to produce artworks. The process of silk screening enabled Warhol to investigate mass- production techniques, which is evidenced in his work through his use of repetition, cropping, overprinting and the use of the grid.Warhol used a â€Å"ready made† image of Marilyn Monroe from a commercial publicity shot, and then altered this appropriated image. Warhol plays with reclassification in a similar fashion to Decamp. Warhol takes this idea further than simply rejecting past values by persuading the audience to question the relationship between culture and the media, and to define the sass's perception of celebrity. Whorl's artworks mimic the processes and subject matter of mass production. This artwork signals a loss of individuality for Marilyn Monroe: she is a multiple and she is banal, yet Marilyn is symbolically a most potent American icon.Whorl's artworks, particularly portraits, ar e a social chronicle of the time. Whorl's work titled Campbell Soup Cans(1962) also stems from the concept of appropriation and the redefining of context. ‘Campbell Soup Cans' appropriates images from popular American culture, exploring the idea of combining art and centralization. Warhol has used polymer paint and silkscreen ink on plywood to replicate the once mass-produced sales product. In making this decision, Warhol has consciously blurred the line between art and consumerism.This particular concept had a profound impact on the art world due to its disputed classification as art – categorized by some as ‘merchandise'. The similarities between the thought processes of Marcel Decamp and Andy Warhol how a distinct exchange in artistic ideas, resulting in profound works which question the established standards of the art world. In exploring the evolution of these artists and their ideas, the profound impact and importance of artistic exchange becomes clear. Artw orks by Pablo Picasso show a clear breach of artistic boundaries to form new ideas.One of the most important roles in the development of modern art was Cubism. The origins of cubism started off with one of the biggest paintings that he had ever done and featured five women, each whose head looked as if it was on backwards. The painting was named Less Demolishes Davidson (1907). The five women portrayed were very ugly and distorted; causing controversy with the audience because they believed that it should have been depicted realistically and professionally, rather than â€Å"creating a mockery to art itself†.Picasso had broken all â€Å"the rules† while creating this painting, but his main goal was to paint the women from more than one angle at a time, hoping that the audience saw more than what meets the eye. This work was heavily criticized by the art world but Picasso broke away from convention, for what he believed was art. What made Picasso different from other ar tists of his time was that his art reflected his emotions in his personal life and the outside world. He was not afraid to push the boundaries reflecting on contentious and controversial issues such as war and peace.One of the issues that he painted from the Spanish civil war depicts a military revolt against the Republican government of Spain; which had polarize Spanish life and politics over previous decades. In April 1937, Germans who sided with the current dictator of Spain at the time, General Francisco Franco, bombed the town of Queering in northeast Spain, not far from where Picasso grew up. More than sixteen hundred people were killed and almost nine hundred more were injured.Outraged by the murder of all these innocent people, Picasso created his famous, Queering (1937), in blue, black, and white oil tones. The painting portrayed the suffering of people, animals, and buildings and the chaos. It showed a screaming horse, a fallen soldier, and a screaming woman on fire fallin g from a burning house and a mother holding a dead baby. According to Picasso, it was not up to the painter to define the symbols; otherwise, he would have Just written it in words. Queering overall represented the brutality of war in general.It's significant because people actually had to think about the image that they saw, and each perceived it in a different way. Picasso style of painting led people to look deep into the meanings of art rather than Just a superficial aesthetics. The audience were able to relate to Picasso tormented scene. Artistic exchange is a phenomenal act that allows ideas ad techniques to be shared between the art world and the audience. By comparing Marcel Decamp, Andy Warhol and the work of Pablo Picasso one can see how a visionary can affect the art oral.The many accomplishments of these artists not only impacted on the history of their time but the future of how the world saw art. They were involved in different movements in the art world which created a certain vitality for the artistic exchange of ideas and influences. The interchange of ideas and influences greatly affected Picasso , Decamp and Warhol , their artwork and their audiences. Artists shared artistic language allows them to build upon past concepts to produce innovative qualities which resonate through exchanges to greatly influence future generations of artists.

Child Prostitution In Asia Essays - Sex Industry, Free Essays

Child Prostitution In Asia Essays - Sex Industry, Free Essays Child Prostitution In Asia Children as Chattels Close your eyes. Imagine a young girl about six tied to a bed in a brothel and forced to service fifteen to thirty men in one night. Imagine this girl living in poverty, after all promises of selling herself told of riches. Now imagine this girl is your own. These are not pretty thoughts, but these actions are commonplace in Asia. In the February 1995 issue of World & I, Christopher P. Baker discusses his findings in the article, Kiddy Sex-Luring the Tourist for Love Beneath the Palms. In Asia more than half of the working prostitutes are under the age of 16, many of those are under the age of ten. Most people who hear the staggering statistics, just like me, ask why. There are many answers, and none of them could possibly justify the sexual exploitation of children. Many tourists and locals for that matter think that children will be less likely to carry the AIDS virus, which is a misconception. It is estimated that 72.4% of the child prostitutes in Asia carry HIV. Many Asian men also believe that sex with a virgin will rejuvenate them, and that sex with a virgin will cure venereal disease. Many different countries have been promoting the brothels by selling child sex tours. Police also keep their information about brothels and pimps quiet, making Asia a prime pedophile playground. Pedophiles who find the laws in their countries too strict can go off to Asia and find themselves young girls, or boys. Many of the non-pedophile tourists believe child prostitution to be custom, or feel they are helping the children. What these people dont know is that most of these children do not keep their earnings. Of course the main reason for the child prostitution in Asia is poverty. Many child prostitutes are sold by their parents for about $350-$600. Others are lured by the promise of respectable work, while others are kidnapped and held captive in brothels. These children are then required to work off their debt to the owner, usually only receiving $3-$4 for each client, where $2-$3 goes for room and board. Most of these children are on call 24 hours a day, and receive no payment at all. Child prostitution is illegal in Asia just as in the U.S. The main difference is police in Asia are so corrupt they actually stand guard for the brothels. The UN has also taken steps to help stop child prostitution in Asia. It is a travesty to allow children to be treated this way. The only future a country has is its youth, and it is a shame to see them so defiled. Children for Sale Shel Silverstein wrote a poem that I read when I was very young that told the tale of gypsies coming to buy the towns children. These thoughts put the fear of God in me as a child, but they are a reality in Asia. Many of the child prostitutes in Asia were bought from or sold by their families to the gypsies. Cameron W. Barr talks about child prostitutes in Asia in his article Asias Traffickers Keep Girls in Sexual Servitude, in the August 22, 1996 edition of Christian Science Monitor. Many of the children brought into prostitution in Asia are bought from their families. Others are lured by promises of wealth, some are kidnapped, and all end up as indentured sexual slaves to brothel owners. Because of poverty families end up having to sell children like cattle or chickens in order to live. Many families rationalize that their children will then find work and not have to live in poverty. This simply isnt so. Most of the children sold into prostitution find themselves in third-class brothels in the same poverty they left, and being forced to perform sexual acts for the material gain of pimps, and contracting incurable diseases like HIV. Those who are not cooperative are drugged, beaten and even tied to the beds. On the other side there are other child prostitutes that are accepting of their fate because it was the wish of the family. Most probably these girls will never escape. Police and politicians are all in on the child

TIVO essays

TIVO essays TiVo in 2003 was a leading provider of digital video recorder (DVR) technology and services. DVRs are similar to VCRs except that TV recordings are made to hard disks rather than onto a tape. DVRs are going to change the way that people watch and enjoy TV. With the DVR technology the user is able to record, pause, fast-forward, and rewind live TV. However, in order to compete with the DVR technology, some companies such as Comcast offer VOD (Video on Demand). With VOD, all content is available 24 hours a day therefore consumers would have no need to purchase DVR products. In order to stay competitive, Comcast today offers both VOD and DVR services. The cost of the DVR service typically ranges from $5 to $10 a month. At this point in time there is no set standard or format for the DVR technology, therefore an opportunity presents itself for a company to set a standard. If TiVo plays their cards right, I believe that this technology could become a platform technology where thi rd parties could add value. TiVos future could be very profitable if they are successful in launching TiVo as a protocol. For example, TiVo now has a music protocol that allows TiVo to play digital music on your television. In the future, other services will interact with, but not sit on top of, the DVR. In order for this strategy to be successful, TiVo would have to reengineer their non modular product into a piece of modular equipment which can easily adapt to different hardware and software environments. As a result, TiVo will be able to greatly reduce the costs that are associated with extending its technology to a new OEM or CE device. The patents that TiVo has filed will also help them to develop a dominant standard or format in the DVR industry. TiVo has three major patents that they received in 2001. One of the patents is for personal video recording software and hardware design and the other two patents are for core DV...

Presidents Who Were Secretary of State

Presidents Who Were Secretary of State A political tradition which died out in the mid-19th century was the elevation of the secretary of state to the office of president. Six 19th century presidents had previously served as the nations top diplomat. The secretary of state position was considered such a launching pad to the presidency that men who sought the highest office were widely believed to have angled to be named secretary of state.   The perceived importance of the job is brought into sharper focus when you consider that several prominent, yet unsuccessful, presidential candidates of the 19th century had also held the position. Yet the last president to have been secretary of state was James Buchanan, the ineffective president who served four years in the late 1850s as the country was coming apart over the issue of slavery.   The candidacy of Hillary Clinton in the presidential election of 2016 was noteworthy in this historical context as she would have been the first secretary of state to become president since Buchanans election 160 years earlier.   The office of secretary of state is still a very important cabinet post, of course. So its interesting that in the modern era we have not seen any secretaries of state go on to become president. In fact, cabinet positions in general have ceased to be pathways to the White House. The last president who had served in the cabinet was Herbert Hoover. He was serving as Calvin Coolidges secretary of commerce when he became the Republican nominee and was elected in 1928. Here are the presidents who served as secretary of state, as well as some prominent candidates for president who also held the position: The Presidents: Thomas Jefferson The nations first secretary of state, Jefferson held the position in the cabinet of George Washington from 1790 to 1793. Jefferson was already a revered figure for having written the Declaration of Independence and for having served as a diplomat in Paris. So its conceivable that Jefferson serving as secretary of state in the nations early years helped establish the position as the foremost post in the cabinet. James Madison Madison served as secretary of state during Jeffersons two terms in office, from 1801 to 1809. During Jeffersons administration the young nation had its fair share of international problems, including battles with the Barbary Pirates and increasing problems with the British interfering with American shipping on the high seas. Madison declared war on Britain while serving as president, a decision that was highly controversial. The resulting conflict, the War of 1812, had been rooted in Madisons time as secretary of state. James Monroe Monroe was secretary of state in Madisons administration, from 1811 to 1817. Having served during the War of 1812, Monroe was perhaps wary of further conflict. And his administration was known for making deals, such as the Adams-Onis Treaty. John Quincy Adams Adams was Monroes secretary of state from 1817 to 1825. It was actually John Adams who deserves credit for one of Americas greatest foreign policy pronouncements, the Monroe Doctrine. Though the message about involvement in the hemisphere was delivered in Monroes annual message (the predecessor of the State of the Union Address), it was Adams who had advocated for it and drafted it. Martin Van Buren Van Buren served two years as Andrew Jacksons secretary of state, from 1829 to 1831. After being secretary of state for part of Jacksons first term, he was nominated by Jackson to be the countrys ambassador to Great Britain. His appointment was voted down by the U.S. Senate, after Van Buren had already arrived in England. The senators who thwarted Van Buren as an ambassador may have done him a favor, as it made him sympathetic to the public and probably helped when he ran as president to succeed Jackson in 1836. James Buchanan Buchanan was secretary of state in the administration of James K. Polk, from 1845 to 1849. Buchanan served during an administration which was fixated on expanding the nation. Sadly, the experience did him no good a decade later, when the major problem faced by the country was the splitting of the nation over the issue of slavery. The Unsuccessful Candidates: Henry Clay Clay served as secretary of state for President Martin Van Buren from 1825 to 1829. He ran for president several times. Daniel Webster Webster served as secretary of state for William Henry Harrison and John Tyler, from 1841 to 1843. He later served as secretary of state for Millard Fillmore, from 1850 to 1852. John C. Calhoun Calhoun served as John Tylers secretary of state for one year, from 1844 to 1845.

Education in Online Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Education in Online Environment - Essay Example The main consideration for posing the question under discussion is that if online learning through virtual classrooms and its other auxiliary function are capable of delivering an equally rigorous, high-quality education, then why not substitute the traditional brick and mortar classroom with the online classroom? The first and most important reservation and consideration against collegiate education which is quality has already been responded in the affirmative and it now becomes high time to make classrooms virtual to benefit of the many advantages of a technology-based education using the internet as a platform instead of the traditional classroom. Many if not most academicians agreed that the learning outcome for their students such as incorporating active learning techniques such as working collaboratively on assignments, participating in small-group discussions and projects, reading and responding to case studies, role-playing, and using simulations can now also be done online (Paliof and Pratt). Its many benefits include financial pragmatism which is very important today because are still in the process of recovering from the financial crisis. Online classrooms will save the student a huge amount of time and money and these saved time and money can be channeled to other things that are productive thus optimizing the time and resource of students. Students are able to save time in an exclusive online classroom in attending college because he or she no longer has to commute beginning in enrollment, going to class and attending to school documentary requirements. The saved time and opportunity cost saved are huge that the students can either used it to engage in other productive endeavors such as engaging in interesting hobbies or getting a job to help finance college. Speaking of finance, along with the saved time is also money. Commuting to and from college costs money and it is increasingly getting expensive due to the perpetual increase in the price of petrol. It would also save the student clothing expenses because he or she no longer has to purchase additional clothing that is suitable for going to class. If the student has to board near the school, the online classroom will no longer require that. Instead of paying board and lodging just to be near the school, the student can stay in the comfort of his or her house without the added cost of board and lodging. He or she has to pay only for the utility bills which are very minimal compared to paying room and board inside or near the university. It is also safer because students no longer have to leave the house and expose too many elements outside the house that could pose danger to the student. Danger such as road accident, mugging or being shot by a distraught student who has gone amuck is virtually absent if the student stays in the house to attend class.

IBM-Analysis should reflect an understanding of the critical issues of Case Study

IBM-Analysis should reflect an understanding of the critical issues of the - Case Study Example e company was faced with the challenge of finding new opportunities, and coming up with solutions to the problems facing entering the global market, the IBM’s IVT5 team could hardly rub out the clients’ perception of the company being foreign. Kanter (2009) indicates that despite the fact that IBM was properly staffed by local citizens; the company was still perceived as foreign. Hoskins (2011) continues to argue that IBM realized it was facing a problem and that there was need to devise a system that would be flexible enough to serve the clients in a sensible manner, which according to IBM was the sole purpose of being in business. N.d. (2007) also indicates that over the years, the world is becoming global, and it is vital that businesses go the global way. Devoid of this asset in an organization, blunders are likely to occur within hours, let alone days. To deal with the issues at hand, the IBM has no option but to clear the views that the company had a hidden agenda on the beneficiary countries. As seen in the case of Egypt, the countrymen believe that the intrusion of IBM in their country has resulted to an increase in the unemployment rates in the country (Kanter, 2009). This is for the reason that the company opted to employ a great percentage of the workers officials of the IBM Company. In this case, the company needs to familiarize the client countries with the jobs required in the IBM Company. The officials of the company would probably do the managerial jobs so as to oversee that every aspect of the implementation of the policies of the company are being met. It would be advisable that the employees be citizens of the client countries. Additionally, the client countries will feel more involved in the growth and success of the company. In one way or another, the company will gain an upper hand in marketing its products in the client countries. Integration, in this case, will have taken place, and not invasion as Kanter (2009) puts it. The company

Functions of Management at Ska-Arabia Oil Company Essay

Functions of Management at Ska-Arabia Oil Company - Essay Example Planning Planning is the first function of management that has been fundamental to the success of SKA-ARABIA. Cole (2003) observes that all the aspects of management depend on planning to a large extent. It involves conducting an analysis of the present situation of an organization, as well as its future. After this analysis, the managers set the strategies for accomplishment of the organizational goals that are based on where the management would like the organization to be in future. Planning is a continuous process through out the company’s life especially due to the fact that changes may be necessary so that an organization can cope with the dynamics of the operating environment. In other words, planning helps Basrah managers to strategize and to develop solutions to emerging issues. It has been significant to the managers in dealing with challenges facing the business as well as the utilization of opportunities for the success of the organization. I am involved in the pla nning process through provision of fuel consumption forecast to the management to maintain proper level quantities of fuel at SKA-ARABIA. I am also involved in scheduling any preventative maintenance beyond our responsibilities within the Fuels Department and forwarding to the Maintenance Department of the company. I assisted in planning the establishment and administration of a bulk fuel storage site with 660cbm in Jet A-1 and 26k in JP-8 Aviation fuel in line with stockage objectives. Bradford (2000 p 58) observes that strategic planning is the practice whereby an organization changes its course of action to accomplish upcoming objectives. The managers in SKA-ARABIAÂ  are in charge of constantly evaluating the operating environment and the internal factors that affect business through strategic planning to ensure that the organizational goals are accomplished. This involves conducting a SWOT (Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats) analysis to ensure that the business rem ains on track. The analysis is conducted quarterly and recommendations implemented immediately. This flexibility in planning has maintained profitability and constant growth since the company’s inception. Organizing Organizing is the second function in which the managers prepare for implementation of the plan. This is accomplished through evaluating and allocating the available resources to facilitate the accomplishment of organizational goals. Shen (2005) observes that without proper organization, a company may face the problem of insufficiency of resources in some departments while others may be operating with a surplus of resources. Such a situation may hamper the realization of organizational goals. Resources are significant for accomplishment of organizational goals. The organization requires diverse resources to maintain competitiveness in the market. The management of SKA-ARABIAÂ  Oil Company ensures consistency in regard to the availability of resources to avoid shor tages of inputs. These resources include assets such as premises, employees, equipment and finances among other resources that facilitate production and the organization’s competitive advantage. Through organization, managers in the company are able to establish working teams and assign tasks to the workers. Departments are assigned roles and the organizational hierarchy is distinct in the organization. I am in charge of liaison with the Ministry of Oil, local and international airports

Newborn Thermoregulation at birth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Newborn Thermoregulation at birth - Essay Example The temperature of the baby is dependent not only on the thermoregulation of the baby, but also on the environment and the clinical condition of the baby. It is a very interesting fact that, an unattended baby loses heat very fast and the temperature can decrease by several degrees (British Columbia Reproductive Care Program Policy Manual, 2003). Nurses and midwives who attend to deliveries have a major role to play in helping newborn babies maintain temperature. They are the first people to come in contact with the little ones and they have a major responsibility to ensure that the baby is able to maintain appropriate temperature. They also need to make sure that the environment of the baby, including the towels, resuscitation equipment and the room are pre-warmed much before the baby is delivered. Attending to the needs of temperature in babies is very important because thermal disparities can lead to devastating metabolic consequences and can contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in the newborn. In this essay, thermal regulation in a newborn will be discussed. In this context, the role of a midwife in promoting the health of the newborn will also be reviewed. The capacity of the body to maintain equilibrium between production of heat and loss of heat for sustenance of temperature of the body within a normal range is known as thermoregulation. Neutral thermal environment is that environment in which the infant uses only minimal oxygen and expends minimal energy for maintenance of temperature. Thermoregulation of newborn is a much studied and important topic because; disruptions in thermal regulation can lead to hyperthermia and cold stress, both of which can lead to devastating metabolic consequences in the newborn. The normal core body temperature of the newborn is 36.5- 37.2 degree C. Severe hypothermia is when the temperature is

Critically discuss how HR Business Partner can add value to the IT Assignment

Critically discuss how HR Business Partner can add value to the IT Department - Assignment Example People working at an organization contribute individually and collectively in achieving the objective of the organization. Human resource employees form an integral part of each and every level and department of the company, may it be Finance and Accounting, Operations, Marketing and Sales, or Information Technology (Smith, 2008). Now a days, Information Technology Department is a must part of every organization. It introduces the emerging technologies to reduce the cost, limit the workforce and provide the most innovative and cost effective services and products to the clients. IT Department is not a knowledge management or a policy making office, which tells which information is correct. It provides the operating parameters for the operating units as well as the individuals’ use of information technology systems, architects, networks, etc. Moreover, it stores and secures the electronic information that the organization owns, ad with provides direct operating support in softw are use and data management to all the functional areas of the organization. Information technology has become a part of our daily lives; no organisation can survive without it. It is significant for employees of the company to share the objectives, strategies and plans with co-workers and colleagues. The internet technology has made this information sharing possible, in a cost effective and efficient manner. The telephones are modified as Cell Phones which increase the flexibility in communication and one can contact the other person in no time. Instead of face to face meetings, many contracts are made through internet and sometimes on the cell phones. By using the networking sites, the leaders (CEO and top management) can approach the subordinates whenever necessary. The networking system can also be used to receive news and updates by the workers. Blogs and social bookmarking is one of the cheapest ways of getting feedback from the customers. These sites can be used for promotion and positioning purposes and to determine what changes do the customers desire in the product or service offered by the company. New technology has decentralised the organizations and resulted in a flatter organisational pyramid. The number of management levels has decreased as technology helps filling the gap between top management and workers. All the employees are encouraged to give new ideas and suggestions for improvement. (Mullins, 2004) With advantages, there always some disadvantages. People are becoming very technological based and very much dependent on it. It can be very damaging for the society as IT is taking away the organic ideas and natural thoughts. Till now, we humans are administrating the computer technology but a day may come when the technology will administrate. It may happen that we become the slave to the technology. IT department plays a significant role in integrating the different departments in the organization. The HR Business Partner can add real valu e to the IT department as they have comprehensive knowledge of the business and ability to quickly identify gaps between the operations of internal client. It is very important for an organization to improvise their products and services according to the needs and demands of their customers. Whenever there is any kind of change; from change in policies to change in the strategies or even a change in product to create differentiation and better suit the customers, Department of

Intersubjectivity in The Light of Martin Heidegger and Martin Buber Essay

Intersubjectivity in The Light of Martin Heidegger and Martin Buber - Essay Example â€Å"the world is always the one that I share with Others. The world of Dasein is a with-world. And Being-in is Being-with Others.†7 So, â€Å"this Being-with Others defines the existence of Man. In Heidegger’s terms, now we know that for Dasein there is no Being without Being-in, and there is no Being-in without Being-with.†8 But what does Being-with mean? â€Å"Being-with must be of the essence of Dasein because without it any kind of relation to Others, even one of love, would not be possible, let alone essential itself.†9 This brings us to the fundamental question – What is Being? Herein is Heidegger’s foundation for intersubjectivity, i.e. the social self: Because Dasein’s Being is Being-with, its understanding of Being already implies the understanding of Others. This understanding, like any understanding, is not an acquaintance derived from knowledge about them, but a primordially existential kind of Being, which, more than any thing else, makes such knowledge and acquaintance possible. Knowing oneself is grounded in Being-with.10 Thus, Heideggerian intersubjectivity is rooted upon Dasein’s encounter of the others, that is to say, that it depends on the intersubjective encounters with other temporal beings. The world by which we share with other temporal beings requires a kind of open subjectivity in order for understanding to take place. But how do we experience intersubjectivity with others? How does Dasein encounter another Dasein? This is what Heidegger calls the principle of individuation: â€Å"the transcendence of the being of Dasein is a distinctive one since in it lies the possibility and the necessity of the most radical individuation.†11 So Dasein...In this essay, I will conduct a comparative analysis of two accounts of intersubjectivity. I will show that Heidegger’s account of intersubjectivity is foundational for Buber’s account to take place. To nullify the former, we thus nullify the latter. Hence, the differences in both accounts are but a matter of differing modes of interpretation, due to the complexity of the nature of intersubjectivity. It is easy to dismiss something which one makes no effort to understand. The literature of both Heidegger and Buber were obscure and abstract, yet full of meaning; most of which is left unspoken. Yet isn’t it the case that intersubjectivity is obscure and abstract? Doesn’t dialogue take place when its left unspoken? Herein is where the philosophies of both meet. For, it is in my contention that both philosophers need not differ drastically from each other’s account of intersubjectivity. It is in Heidegger’s account where Buber carries out his. The difference perhaps, if any, lies in its mode of interpretation, which is due to the complexity of the nature of intersubjectivity. Nevertheless, both accounts capture the essence of intersubjectivity, which proves to show how intersu bjective relations takes place. Intersubjectivity involves our awareness of others, the role they play in our lives, and the their significance in our quest for meaning and authenticity.

Critically discuss how HR Business Partner can add value to the IT Assignment

Critically discuss how HR Business Partner can add value to the IT Department - Assignment Example People working at an organization contribute individually and collectively in achieving the objective of the organization. Human resource employees form an integral part of each and every level and department of the company, may it be Finance and Accounting, Operations, Marketing and Sales, or Information Technology (Smith, 2008). Now a days, Information Technology Department is a must part of every organization. It introduces the emerging technologies to reduce the cost, limit the workforce and provide the most innovative and cost effective services and products to the clients. IT Department is not a knowledge management or a policy making office, which tells which information is correct. It provides the operating parameters for the operating units as well as the individuals’ use of information technology systems, architects, networks, etc. Moreover, it stores and secures the electronic information that the organization owns, ad with provides direct operating support in softw are use and data management to all the functional areas of the organization. Information technology has become a part of our daily lives; no organisation can survive without it. It is significant for employees of the company to share the objectives, strategies and plans with co-workers and colleagues. The internet technology has made this information sharing possible, in a cost effective and efficient manner. The telephones are modified as Cell Phones which increase the flexibility in communication and one can contact the other person in no time. Instead of face to face meetings, many contracts are made through internet and sometimes on the cell phones. By using the networking sites, the leaders (CEO and top management) can approach the subordinates whenever necessary. The networking system can also be used to receive news and updates by the workers. Blogs and social bookmarking is one of the cheapest ways of getting feedback from the customers. These sites can be used for promotion and positioning purposes and to determine what changes do the customers desire in the product or service offered by the company. New technology has decentralised the organizations and resulted in a flatter organisational pyramid. The number of management levels has decreased as technology helps filling the gap between top management and workers. All the employees are encouraged to give new ideas and suggestions for improvement. (Mullins, 2004) With advantages, there always some disadvantages. People are becoming very technological based and very much dependent on it. It can be very damaging for the society as IT is taking away the organic ideas and natural thoughts. Till now, we humans are administrating the computer technology but a day may come when the technology will administrate. It may happen that we become the slave to the technology. IT department plays a significant role in integrating the different departments in the organization. The HR Business Partner can add real valu e to the IT department as they have comprehensive knowledge of the business and ability to quickly identify gaps between the operations of internal client. It is very important for an organization to improvise their products and services according to the needs and demands of their customers. Whenever there is any kind of change; from change in policies to change in the strategies or even a change in product to create differentiation and better suit the customers, Department of

H.W Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

H.W - Assignment Example Each employee will strive to meet set goals so that they earn such non-cash rewards. In addition, Gina will find non-cash rewards less costly compared to cash. First, employees may not notice exactly how worthy is the reward. This is contrary to cash rewards in which workers consider the amount to get motivated. For example, Gina should set a program in which successful logging detailed notes about the client call in the online database, the customer care representative earns points used to redeem tangible items of value to them. To maintain customer satisfaction at the end of every call, Gina should make it part of her reward to manage knowledge. Rewards imply after exemplary performance, there should be learning experience that enhances other employees to gain knowledge of serving in the same line. However, Gina should be careful not to overload the trip with learning sessions. Employee should find more than 80 percent of the travel to himself or herself for recreation. In summary, non-cash rewards are guilt-free as opposed to money that employees spend on ordinar y commitments. May Johnson’s performance problems are multi-faceted. First, she lacks management experience. It is her first experience working with a group of employees reporting directly to her. As a result, she believes that everything should go in line with what she understands and strongly holds. Secondly, Johnson lacks knowledge of the current systems used by the company and other employees. She relies on obsolete systems. Johnson’s overreliance on obsolete systems constantly raises conflicts with her junior employees. In addition, Johnson does not understand vital aspects of job specialization. She desires to perform everything and does not believe that any duty accomplished by other individuals can be perfect. Johnson repeats every work her junior staff members present to her. May Johnson’s employee are

Interpersonal and Transferable Skills Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal and Transferable Skills Essay Youre probably familiar with the phrase ‘what gets measured gets done. Defining and measuring effectiveness – especially the performance of workers – is a critical part of your job as a manager. The question is: How do you define the skills, behaviors, and attitudes that workers need to perform their roles effectively? How do you know theyre qualified for the job? In other words, how do you know what to measure? Some people think formal education is a reliable measure. Others believe more in on-the-job training, and years of experience. Still others might argue that personal characteristics hold the key to effective work behavior. All of these are important, but none seems sufficient to describe an ideal set of behaviors and traits needed for any particular role. Nor do they guarantee that individuals will perform to the standards and levels required by the organization. A more complete way of approaching this is to link individual performance to the goals of the business. To do this, many companies use ‘competencies. These are the integrated knowledge, skills, judgment, and attributes that people need to perform a job effectively. By having a defined set of competencies for each role in your business, it shows workers the kind of behaviors the organization values, and which it requires to help achieve its objectives. Not only can your team members work more effectively and achieve their potential, but there are many business benefits to be had from linking personal performance with corporate goals and values. Defining which competencies are necessary for success in your organization can help you do the following: †¢ Ensure that your people demonstrate sufficient expertise. †¢ Recruit and select new staff more effectively. †¢ Evaluate performance more effectively. †¢ Identify skill and competency gaps more efficiently. †¢ Provide more customized training and professional development. †¢ Plan sufficiently for succession. †¢ Make change management processes work more efficiently. How can you define the set of practices needed for effective performance? You can do this by adding a competency framework to your talent management program. By collecting and combining competency information, you can create a standardized approach to performance thats clear and accessible to everyone in the company. The framework outlines specifically what people need to do to be effective in their roles, and it clearly establishes how their roles relate to organizational goals and success. This article outlines the steps you need to take to develop a competency framework in your organization. Design Principles of a Competency Framework A competency framework defines the knowledge, skills, and attributes needed for people within an organization. Each individual role will have its own set of competencies needed to perform the job effectively. To develop this framework, you need to have an in-depth understanding of the roles within your business. To do this, you can take a few different approaches: †¢ Use a pre-set list of common, standard competencies, and then customize it to the specific needs of your organization. †¢ Use outside consultants to develop the framework for you. †¢ Create a general organizational framework, and use it as the basis for other frameworks as needed. Developing a competency framework can take considerable effort. To make sure the framework is actually used as needed, its important to make it relevant to the people wholl be using it – and so they can take ownership of it. The following three principles are critical when designing a competency framework: 1. Involve the people doing the work – These frameworks should not be developed solely by HR people, who dont always know what each job actually involves. Nor should they be left to managers, who dont always understand exactly what each member of their staff does every day. To understand a role fully, you have to go to the source – the person doing the job – as well as getting a variety of other inputs into what makes someone successful in that job. 2. Communicate – People tend to get nervous about performance issues. Let them know why youre developing the framework, how it will be created, and how youll use it. The more you communicate in advance, the easier your implementation will be. 3. Use relevant competencies – Ensure that the competencies you include apply to all roles covered by the framework. If you include irrelevant competencies, people will probably have a hard time relating to the framework in general. For example, if you created a framework to cover the whole organization, then financial management would not be included unless every worker had to demonstrate that skill. However, a framework covering management roles would almost certainly involve the financial management competency. Developing the Framework There are four main steps in the competency framework development process. Each steps has key actions that will encourage people to accept and use the final product. Step One: Prepare †¢ Define the purpose – Before you start analyzing jobs, and figuring out what each role needs for success, make sure you look at the purpose for creating the framework. How you plan to use it will impact whom you involve in preparing it, and how you determine its scope. For example, a framework for filling a job vacancy will be very specific, whereas a framework for evaluating compensation will need to cover a wide range of roles. †¢ Create a competency framework team – Include people from all areas of your business that will use the framework. Where possible, aim to represent the diversity of your organization. Its also important to think about long-term needs, so that you can keep the framework updated and relevant. Step Two: Collect Information This is the main part of the framework. Generally, the better the data you collect, the more accurate your framework will be. For this reason, its a good idea to consider which techniques youll use to collect information about the roles, and the work involved in each one. You may want to use the following: †¢ Observe – Watch people while theyre performing their roles. This is especially useful for jobs that involve hands-on labor that you can physically observe. †¢ Interview people – Talk to every person individually, choose a sample of people to interview, or conduct a group interview. You may also want to interview the supervisor of the job youre assessing. This helps you learn what a wide variety of people believe is needed for the roles success. †¢ Create a questionnaire – A survey is an efficient way to gather data. Spend time making sure you ask the right questions, and consider the issues of reliability and validity. If you prefer, there are standardized job analysis questionnaires you can buy, rather than attempting to create your own. †¢ Analyze the work – Which behaviors are used to perform the jobs covered by the framework? You may want to consider the following: †¢ Business plans, strategies, and objectives. †¢ Organizational principles. †¢ Job descriptions. †¢ Regulatory or other compliance issues. †¢ Predictions for the future of the organization or industry. †¢ Customer and supplier requirements. Job analysis that includes a variety of techniques and considerations will give you the most comprehensive and accurate results. If you create a framework for the entire organization, make sure you use a sample of roles from across the company. This will help you capture the widest range of competencies that are still relevant to the whole business. †¢ As you gather information about each role, record what you learn in separate behavioral statements. For example, if you learn that Paul from accounting is involved in bookkeeping, you might break that down into these behavioral statements: handles petty cash, maintains floats, pays vendors according to policy, and analyzes cash books each month. You might find that other roles also have similar tasks – and therefore bookkeeping will be a competency within that framework. †¢ When you move on to Step Three, youll be organizing the information into larger competencies, so it helps if you can analyze and group your raw data effectively. Step Three: Build the Framework This stage involves grouping all of the behaviors and skill sets into competencies. Follow these steps to help you with this task: †¢ Group the statements – Ask your team members to read through the behavior statements, and group them into piles. The goal is to have three or four piles at first – for instance, manual skills, decision-making and judgment skills, and interpersonal skills. †¢ Create subgroups – Break down each of the larger piles into subcategories of related behaviors. Typically, there will be three or four subgroupings for each larger category. This provides the basic structure of the competency framework. †¢ Refine the subgroups – For each of the larger categories, define the subgroups even further. Ask yourself why and how the behaviors relate, or dont relate, to one another, and revise your groupings as necessary. †¢ Indentify and name the competencies – Ask your team to identify a specific competency to represent each of the smaller subgroups of behaviors. Then they can also name the larger category. †¢ Heres an example of groupings and subgroupings for general management competencies: †¢ Supervising and leading teams. †¢ Provide ongoing direction and support to staff. †¢ Take initiative to provide direction. †¢ Communicate direction to staff. †¢ Monitor performance of staff. †¢ Motivate staff. †¢ Develop succession plan. †¢ Ensure that company standards are met. †¢ Recruiting and staffing. †¢ Prepare job descriptions and role specifications. †¢ Participate in selection interviews. †¢ Identify individuals training needs. †¢ Implement disciplinary and grievance procedures. †¢ Ensure that legal obligations are met. †¢ Develop staff contracts. †¢ Develop salary scales and compensation packages. †¢ Develop personnel management procedures. †¢ Make sure staff resources meet organizational needs. †¢ Training and development. †¢ Deliver training to junior staff. †¢ Deliver training to senior staff. †¢ Identify training needs. †¢ Support personal development. †¢ Develop training materials and methodology. †¢ Managing projects/programs †¢ Prepare detailed operational plans. †¢ Manage financial and human resources. †¢ Monitor overall performance against objectives. †¢ Write reports, project proposals, and amendments. †¢ Understand external funding environment. †¢ Develop project/program strategy. You may need to add levels for each competency. This is particularly useful when using the framework for compensation or performance reviews. To do so, take each competency, and divide the related behaviors into measurement scales according to complexity, responsibility, scope, or other relevant criteria. These levels may already exist if you have job grading in place. †¢ Validate and revise the competencies as necessary – For each item, ask these questions: †¢ Is this behavior demonstrated by people who perform the work most effectively? In other words, are people who dont demonstrate this behavior ineffective in the role? †¢ Is this behavior relevant and necessary for effective work performance? These questions are often asked in the form of a survey. Its important to look for consensus among the people doing the job, as well as areas where theres little agreement. Also, look for possible issues with language, or the way the competencies are described, and refine those as well. Step Four: Implement As you roll out the finalized competency framework, remember the principle of communication that we mentioned earlier. To help get buy-in from members of staff at all levels of the organization, its important to explain to them why the framework was developed, and how youd like it to be used. Discuss how it will be updated, and which procedures youve put in place to accommodate changes. Here are some tips for implementing the framework: †¢ Link to business objectives – Make connections between individual competencies and organizational goals and values as much as possible. †¢ Reward the competencies – Check that your policies and practices support and reward the competencies identified. †¢ Provide coaching and training – Make sure theres adequate coaching and training available. People need to know that their efforts will be supported. †¢ Keep it simple – Make the framework as simple as possible. You want the document to be used, not filed away and forgotten. †¢ Communicate – Most importantly, treat the implementation as you would any other change initiative. The more open and honest you are throughout the process, the better the end result – and the better the chances of the project achieving your objectives. [pic] Key Points Creating a competency framework is an effective method to assess, maintain, and monitor the knowledge, skills, and attributes of people in your organization. The framework allows you to measure current competency levels to make sure your staff members have the expertise needed to add value to the business. It also helps managers make informed decisions about talent recruitment, retention, and succession strategies. And, by identifying the specific behaviors and skills needed for each role, it enables you to budget and plan for the training and development your company really needs. The process of creating a competency framework is long and complex. To ensure a successful outcome, involve people actually doing carrying out the roles to evaluate real jobs, and describe real behaviors.

The Womens Ordination Movement Theology Religion Essay

The Womens Ordination Movement Theology Religion Essay The question of whether or not women should be ordained set apart for religious leadership and/or to administrate certain religious rites has been present within Christian and Jewish groups since early in U.S. history. Women are regularly ordained within some religious groups. Others restrict ordination to men. Others continue to debate the question. Though U.S. Protestants did not first ordain women until the 1800s, women had for a long time prior to that been religious leaders both in their churches and in the public square. Perhaps one of the most famous examples of this is found in the story of Anne Hutchinson, who in the 1630s in Massachusetts challenged male authorities by holding meetings with women to discuss her pastors sermons. Her actions led to a trial, a conviction, and banishment to Rhode Island. While many women during this era exercised religious leadership, it was not until the mid-1800s that a woman was formally ordained to Christian leadership. Congregationalist Antoinette Brown was ordained in 1853 when she was called to become pastor of a church in New York. Unitarian Universalist leader, Olympia Brown, was ordained about a decade later, in 1863, and AME Zion minister, Mary Jane Small, was ordained in 1898. These ordinations of women and others that followed are indicative of significant changes that occurred in the mid-1800s and early 1900s in the roles of women in religious and public life. These changes were not without controversy as exemplified by the contentious debates that emerged as some groups supported and others vehemently opposed the ordination of women. The theologies and/or polities of some Christian groups and denominations afforded women early access to ordination. For example, the Quakers insistence that all people are equal before God provided support for those who sought gender equity in churches and society; as a result, though Quakers did not formally ordain anyone to ministry in favor of recording ministers, they did acknowledge women as authoritative preachers. The group known as the Shakers that emerged in the 18th century not only sprung up under leadership of a woman, Ann Lee, but also believed that Jesus would return to earth as a woman. Northern Baptists (later known as American Baptists) likewise demonstrated early support of women as preachers by supporting the ordination of Edith Hill in 1897, setting the stage for a continuation of the practice within that Baptist group. Also, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many Holiness and Pentecostal groups regularly ordained women. In addition to these pioneers in the movement are other traditions, including Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and the United Church of Christ, who in the twentieth century engendered and then formalized support for the ordination women. These traditions often faced inner conflicts over the question of ordaining women. In the late 1960s, for example, three Lutheran bodies (the Lutheran Church in America, the American Lutheran Church, and the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod), held a consultation on the ordination of women but were unable to reach a consensus. Both the Lutheran Church in America and the American Lutheran Church eventually approved the ordination of women. The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod experienced significant upheaval over the issue and over other issues having to do with scriptural authority and interpretation. The conflict resulted in the formation of a new denomination, the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, for med in 1987 by a merger of the Lutheran Church in America, the American Lutheran Church, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church, from its inception ordained both women and men. The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod continues to limit ordination to men. Other Christian groups, for example, many Baptists and the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, have consistently opposed the ordination of women. Many Baptist groups and congregations also deny women ordination, though Baptist polity allows for each local church to determine its own belief and practice. In 1964, Addie Davis became the first Southern Baptist woman to be ordained. In the early 1980s, the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) passed a resolution stating that offices requiring ordination are restricted to men. Supporters of this resolution point to sections of a denominational statement of beliefs, The Baptist Faith and Message, that states the following: [The churchs] scriptural officers are pastors and deacons. While both men and women are gifted for service in the church, the office of pastor is limited to men as qualified by Scripture (The Baptist Faith and Message, 2000). While this is an official SBC stance, neither denominational resolutions nor Baptist Fait h and Message statements are binding upon local congregations. Thus, decisions about ordaining women finally reside with each SBC church. Groups who oppose womens ordination do so primarily on the basis of their interpretations of biblical texts. Arguments include, generally, the perspectives that the New Testament does not report the existence of any women pastors, that pastors who represent the people before God should, like Christ, be male, that New Testament guidelines for church order do not include instructions that specify women, and that some New Testament texts forbid women to be pastors or have roles of authority over men (i.e. I Timothy 2:11-12). Those who support womens ordination also voice arguments based on biblical interpretation. For example, evidence exist in Old and New Testament texts of times when women exercised leadership over both males and females; and Paul stated clearly in Galatians 3:27-28 a theology of gender equity (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus). A number of biblical scholars and theologians, including feminist scholars, have emphasized biblical examples of womens leadership and gender equity. Some Hebrew Bible scholars argue on the basis of their reading of Genesis 1 and 2 that both genders are created equally in Gods image. Protestant supporters include in their arguments the traditional Protestant emphasis on the priesthood of all believers. The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have witnessed a resurgence of the debate over womens ordination. By the end of the twentieth century, many Protestant and Jewish groups accepted women in the role of pastoral leader or rabbi. Some groups, however, continued to oppose womens ordination and for some of those groups the debate has intensified. The 2000 revision of the Baptist Faith and Message, cited above, has reignited and intensified the debate amongst Baptists as proponents of ordination argue that the 2000 language about women leaders is anti-woman and opponents insist that the revision only underscores a biblical mandate that while women and men are of equal value, the role of pastor is restricted to men. The 1963 Baptist Faith and Message, which the 2000 version revises, does not include a statement limiting the pastoral office to men. Moderate Baptist groups such as the Alliance of Baptists, the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, and the American Baptist Churches , U.S.A. take a more proactive and supportive stance toward ordaining women. In recent decades, the debate has also intensified within the Roman Catholic tradition. Throughout the 1970s, Roman Catholics debated whether or not the priesthood should be open to women. A final ruling on this question was published in the Vaticans 1976 Declaration on the Question of the Admission Women to the Ministerial Priesthood; the Declaration stated that the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith judges it necessary to recall that the Church, in fidelity to the example of the Lord, does not consider herself authorized to admit women to priestly ordination. Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, support nevertheless grew for the ordination of women to the Roman Catholic priesthood. Early in the 1990s, Vatican leaders began to take actions they hoped would quiet public support for womens ordination. These actions included pronouncements against ordaining women as well as disciplinary actions against individuals who advocated openly for womens ordination. Pope John Paul II issued a statement in 1994 underscoring the teaching of the 1976 Declaration and further stating that the teaching was not open to debate. The 1990s also saw debate sparked within the ranks of those Roman Catholics who supported womens ordination. Notably, feminist biblical scholar Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza argued at a 1995 Womens Ordination Conference that women should aim not for ordination but rather for a discipleship of equals that resisted the overwhelming patriarchy of the Roman Catholic Church (Schussler Fiorenza, 1983). Others at the conference maintained a stance in favor of womens ordination. In the initial decades of the twenty-first century, the debate over womens ordination continues within the Roman Catholic Church. The issue of womens ordination has also stirred controversy within Jewish communities. The question was first posed in 1889 by Mary M. Cohen in Jewish Exponent: Could not our women be ministers? (Nadell, 1988, 1). In 1972, many years after the publication of this question, the Sally Jane Priesand became the first female rabbi within Reform Judaism in the U.S. Amy Eilberg in 1985 became the first woman received into the rabbinate within Conservative Judaism. To date, no women have become rabbis within Orthodox Judaism, though debate over the question continues within that Jewish sector. Other religious groups in the U.S. also debate what roles women can hold. For example, a controversy currently exists among Muslims over to what extent women can act as imams; most agree that while women can lead a gathering of women in prayer, women cannot lead a mixed gender group in prayer. Jehovahs Witnesses consider all persons ordained upon public baptism. Women are commonly appointed as full time ministers in order to evangelize or to serve as missionaries. However, the roles of deacon and elder as well as the authority to perform baptisms, funerals or weddings are restricted to male Witnesses. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints does not ordain women but the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints adopted the practice in 1984. Several organizations have emerged over time to support women clergy. One of the earliest was the Womans Ministerial Conference, founded in 1893 in Boston, Massachusetts. The International Association of Women Preachers was founded in 1919 by M. Madeline Southard, a Methodist minister from Kansas. Both of these groups supported women who believed they had a call to preach and advocated publicly for women in religious leadership. The Women Church movement, which began in the U.S. in the 1970s primarily to support Roman Catholic women who sought ordination, has kept alive ecumenical dialogue about the ordination of women as well as about other ecclesial and societal issues that impact the lives of women. Jill Crainshaw See also Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Feminism, Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Southern Baptist Convention, Women-Church Movement. Sources Keller, Rosemary Skinner, and Rosemary Radford Ruether, eds. Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. Keller, Rosemary Skinner, and Rosemary Radford Ruether, eds. In Our Own Voices: Four Centuries of Womens Religious Writing. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1995. Nadall, Pamela. Women Who Would Be Rabbis: A History of Womens Ordination, 1889-1995. Boston: Beacon Press, 1988. Reid, Daniel G., ed. Dictionary of Christianity in America. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1990. Schussler Fiorenza, Elisabeth. Discipleship of Equals: A Critical Feminist Ekklesialogy of Liberation. New York: Crossroad Publishing Co., 1983.

Susan B. Anthony Essay -- Biography

Susan B. Anthony On February 15, 1820 in Adams, Massachusetts, a woman by the name of Susan Brownell Anthony was born to parents Daniel and Lucy (Read) Anthony. She was the second born of a strongly rooted Quaker family of eight (Hist.Bio.-1). Because they lived in a Quaker neighborhood, Susan was not heavily exposed to slavery. The family made anti-slavery talks an almost daily conversation over the dinner table. She also saw men and women on the same level (Stoddard 36). â€Å"A hard working father, who was not only a cotton manufacturer, but a Quaker Abolitionist also, prevented his children from what he called childish things such as toys, games and music. He felt that they would distract his children from reaching their peak of performance. â€Å"With a strong household influence like her father, Anthony became a very bright student. She knew how to read and write at the very tender age of three. She was put in a home school type school setting at the age of six because her teacher refused to teach her how to do long division. Because the school was run by a very strong-willed group of women, Anthony received a new image of womanhood by being taught not only arithmetic and grammar, but also manners and self-worth. Upon leaving this school, Susan B Anthony attended a boarding school in Philadelphia where she remained until two years before her father’s business was lost (Boynick 47). At the age of fifteen, Susan B. Anthony began teaching (Holland). At the age of nineteen she had already taught at the boarding school which she had attended, been a governess at in the home of a merchant in Fort Edward, New York, then helped her family move to Rochester. Once her family got settled she began doing work around the house. At the house, her father had daily conversations about the current issues of the day. She would shuffle back and forth between the kitchen and dining room to participate in these discussions which she so passionately loved. She was then appointed principal over the girls’ department Canajoharie Academy and would maintain at that stature until she reached the age of thirty (Holland). It was at her school where principal Anthony became exposed to the Daughters of temperance. This group of women went right along with Susan B. Anthony’s Quaker moral standards. They fought for prohibition. They fought to prevent abus... ...ing rights for women. Little did she know, that fourteen years after her death at the age of eighty-six, the nineteenth amendment would be passed. This amendment, also known as the â€Å"Anthony amendment†, gave women the right to vote. Susan Brownell Anthony has left many marks in the present day world we live in. If it were not for her, many minorities would not have the benefits that they have right now. If she had not lived the life she lived, women might still be fighting for the rights they have now. If it were not for her, we would have never had her printed on the silver dollar. The world would not be as good of a place. Works Cited Boynick, David K. Women Who Led the Way: Eight Pioneers for Equal Rights. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. 1959. Dorr, Rheta Louise. Susan B. Anthony, the Woman Who Changed the Mind of a Nation. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1928. Holland, Patricia G. â€Å"Anthony, Susan B(rownell)†. Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1994. Stoddard, Hope. Famous American Women. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. 1970. â€Å"Untitled†. Online. Internet. www.history.rochester.edu/class/sba/bio.html.

Business Environment in China

Every country has its own rules and regulations according to the needs, requirements and environment of the business in that country. So for any company, thinking to expand the span of business to another country and wants to invest for long term in that country, especially where production in that country involves, it is very important to understand the business environment, government policies, restrictions and future perspective of business in that country. The business has to assess whether the company has ability to incorporate most of the business needs and it should also be considered that whether the culture of the company can be integrated with the culture of that country. So the business operations will be different in different ways which have been discussed below: Import/export restrictions: There are certain types of goods and services which may be prohibited in the country where the business has plan to expand. For example, in Islamic countries like Dubai, Saudi Arabia etc, it is prohibited to expert or import alcoholic products except in some situations. Certain types of quality measurement might be imposed on the companies in order to import goods in the country. Another aspect of restrictions regarding export are the restrictions regarding the quantity which is being exported by the company. Governments can restrict the quantity of any specific product or service to be exported in order to avoid shortage in home country. China has imposed custom levy on the import as well as export of the goods. In addition to this levy, china has fixed a quote for imports of different types of products in the country. These restrictions on imports allow the home countries to produce more for the residents of China and less amount will be spend on imports and hence improve trade surplus for China which will help China to increase foreign reserves and hence make the economy of China more strong. Recently, China has imposed different types of restrictions on the export of 17 metallic elements which are important for different types of manufacturing good which also includes inputs for automobiles as well as wind turbine. It has made a big issue in the world. Other export restrictions include export duties which comprises of three types; regular, temporary and special, export quota for certain types of goods including mass consumption goods. Export license is required to be the exporter (Ambler, T. , Witzel, M. & Xi, C. , (2008). So if MNE has planned to come into the China for long-term investment, cost-benefit analysis should be carried out. However on the other hand, china support different types of exports and give reliefs for home productions which makes the business in china more attractive. Labor relations: It can be described as the relations between employers and employees, which are either unionized or non-unionized. Under the umbrella of labor relations, employees protect their labor right. Different countries have given authority to employees for their rights to different extents and as a result in some countries, labor has more power. So it should be considered while moving to another country that what are the conditions of labor relations in that country and hence how much the employees are powerful and how they can exert their power. It will help the companies to carry out stakeholder analysis as well as stakeholder mapping and hence can improve working conditions as well as can improve business operations. China has implemented labor relations law in 2008 (China Enacts Labor Relations Law, Effective in 2008, 2007). It has given more power to employees within the country. It has been made harder to lay off employees now. For the company like ACME or other MNE, it is very important to be noted that during last year, there was a strike by employees within factories in order to increase their wages. It was said by the employees at that time that companies are making huge profits and they are the people who are working behind the success of companies so their share must be increased and aligned with the profits of the company. So companies should understand the risk that low production costs, which are due to low wages, will no longer be attractive in future. Companies should make strategy to deal with the employees in a way which provides them job security, human rights protection, motivation along with the level of work required by the company. China’s manufacturing market is very feasible for labor intensive industries at the moment. Good relations between employers and employees can be made by providing good working conditions whether they will feel satisfied with their work. Supplier financing: It is the finance management in the situation where the products are being exported. All the credit terms are included in the contract between importer and exporter and credit agencies play their role in the process and reasonably insure that the contract terms will be fulfilled by importer and exporter will be able to receive payments. At the same time it also ensures that importer will not be liable, to the agreed extent, to pay the risks which can be the political risk or economic risks. Companies while trying to operate in other countries must think how much it is sure that they will be able to meet the contract terms and if own company or other company will not honor the contract then what will be role of supplier financing in it how the laws and regulations of countries will support to force the either company to honor the contract. Tax rules: Tax rules and policies play an important role in order to make the strategy for the business. Countries might have tax treaties with each other as a result company can have the benefit from it. Tax rules applied to foreign firms are sometimes stricter than for their home firm. Such type of tax rules decides that how the finance will be arranged and how the income distribution will be managed in order to increase the business for the company. Policy for deferred tax and tax policy for the export of products from china should also be considered. Many countries have higher tax rates which may also impact on the financial statements of the business. Tax treaties play an important role in the implications of taxation policies. If home country and the country where company wants to invest have tax treaties then it would be beneficial for the company as it will not have to face double taxation. China has incentivized companies by in regards of taxation. Tax rules have to be followed but they are not very strict. There are many companies which are enjoys tax rates as low as 15%. Many other companies have also lower tax rates by increasing the exports from China (CCH Tax Editor, 2008). Overall, China is an attractive market in regards of the incentivized tax rules. And hence it is feasible to invest in China. Depreciation Schedule: Depreciation has its impact on the financial statements of the business especially when the companies have high value for their fixed assets. Some countries allow capital allowance on depreciation and hence which becomes the source of tax savings. Straight line method and reducing balance methods etc are permitted methods in IFRS and IAS. China has flexibility in choosing the method of depreciation. However whichever method company has chosen, it will not be able to change the method in future. Depreciation will become the source of tax savings so company can choose any method which will provide more tax savings to the business. However it should be noted that companies are required to assess the suitability of depreciation method before selecting it. At the same time, companies are also required to check if depreciation needs to be revalued. All the information, regarding revalued depreciation amount and if new asset has been purchased, should be submitted to tax authorities. Minimum depreciation period in China is 20 years for land and buildings and for other types of fixed assets; it is 10 years (Yan, X. & Pitt, D. , 2002). Companies have to think the time period for which the company is going to work in China. Currency properties and restrictions: It is the control over the inflow and outflow of cash by imposing different rules which are set in monetary policy of the country. It is also the control of fluctuations in currency rates within country using different ways like interest rates and money printing etc. These restrictions might impact on the business as they will not allow the company to export money from their country above some predefined level. It might affect the cashflow statement of parent company which is basically a foreign company. Currency properties restrictions might restrict the company to own properties in their country where the company is going to invest. Such types of consequences increases the risk of business as for a huge size factory, it might be required for the business to have its own premises as moving from one land to another land even within the same country is not an easy task (Riedel, J. , Jin, J. Gao, J. , 2007). China’s policy to keep its currency undervalue is the point of concern for most the countries in the world. China keeps the currency undervalued in order to support exports. It helps exporters to export for more Yuan for the export of one dollar. On the other hand, it discourages imports in China. So companies have to consider this type of currency control and should make policy regarding the restrictions by china on currency. Sources of long-term and Short-term debt: Companies are required to arrange finance for the expansion of business and to run the activities of the business smoothly in the long run. This finance can either be arranged either by raising equity of the company or it can also be arranged by debt as sometimes equity financing sometimes consume more time and shareholders’ WACC for the company is relatively high as compared to debt in most of the cases. Short term or long term debt includes loan from commercial banks or financial institutions and it will be measured that what is the interest rate for that short term finance and whether it is feasible for the company to arrange finance in foreign country or not. China is an attractive market because of easy sources of arranging debts. However china is going to make more strict changes in its short term debt policy. Treasury bills have been proved to be one of the most effective short-term debt tools in china. China has been proved to one of the most efficient market for long term debt especially in aisa. It is relatively easy to obtain long term debt at a competitive rate. Government of China is still working for more efficiency in long term debt market. Bonds are one of the most powerful long term debt tools for the companies working in China. Ethics: There must be integrity in the information provided to CEO. I will include the information about condition of human rights, labor welfare as well as all other information which belongs to the business. It is ethically necessary to provide the information because it will also help to protect the employees when company will start operating in China as company will already knew that what are the conditions are there and how these conditions can be improved (Norton, A. & Hughes J. , 2009). Although it might have a bad impact on CEO but for the purpose of integrity as well as honesty, I will include all the information. However I will also include the outline solutions to the problems.